There are lots of reasons someone might be upset at work, from the personal (divorce, illness, kid troubles) to the professional (a failed project, bad review, or nasty colleague). Given how much time we spend in the office, it seems inevitable that people will occasionally get emotional. But how should you handle tears as a manager? What should you do with a distraught employee?
What the experts say
Many managers are uncomfortable with emotional behaviour — whether it is positive or negative. “People think to be professional, you need to ignore your emotions and those of the people around you,” says Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, an associate professor of management and organisation at the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, whose research shows this to be the norm in most American workplaces. But few people can live up to this standard.
“We don’t leave our humanity at the office door,” he says. Anne Kreamer, author of “It’s Always Personal: Emotion in the New Workplace”, agrees: “You can’t decide what to wear to work, let alone close a deal, or make an important presentation without emotions being involved,” she says. Crying is a biological reaction to stress, “an emotional reset valve” (and one that is more easily triggered in women for physiological reasons). So instead of ignoring your employees’ tears, respond to them. Here are some practical steps.
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Act like yourself
When you are faced with a weeping employee, your first instinct should be to help. Sanchez-Burks advises approaching the person as if he is someone in your social network outside of work. “We already have the script and the capability, but we need to get over how to do it inside the office,” he says. What specifically you do — offer a tissue, ask what is wrong, give a hug, suggest a walk outside — will depend on your relationship, how long you have worked together, and the office culture. The key is to engage, and let the tears flow, instead of ignoring or judging the person.
Figure out what is really going on
Sometimes even when the reasons for the tears seem clear, they might not be. An employee might start sobbing in a review conversation but she is really upset about her mother being sick. Once they have let the emotions out, “it’s your job to tease out what’s going on and how you can help,” Kreamer says. Managers should be able to gently ask questions that get at the underlying issue.
Try saying, “What’s going on?” or “Is there anything else you want to tell me?” “You don’t need to be a therapist,” says Sanchez-Burks, “you just need to be available.” At the same time, respect your employees’ boundaries. She might not want to confide in the boss. Do not take it personally. Instead, try to monitor the situation from a distance, or ask another employee who is close with her to check in and make sure she is all right.
Keep it simple
If you have identified that the problem is a personal one, stick to simple and comforting responses — “I’m sorry” or “This is a horrible situation.” Do not tell him that everything is going to be OK or imply that he should buck up. And resist the temptation to tell a story of your own. “The last thing in the world an anxious employee wants to hear about is how you handled your own or someone else’s illness,” says Kreamer.
Focus on work-related concerns
“The most helpful thing you can do is listen and try to help them solve their work-related concerns,” Kreamer advises. If you discover that an office issue prompted the crying, work with the employee, and colleagues if necessary, to address it. If it is a personal problem, you can also help her make a plan. You might say something like, “This is rough, let me know what would be most helpful to you and we’ll see if we can make that happen.” Try to get specific.
Can you temporarily reduce her workload? Can you set up regular check-ins to monitor the situation and how it is affecting her work? “In the most extreme case, it could be necessary to suggest a leave of absence and bring in temporary help,” Kreamer says.
Do not play psychiatrist
There may be some situations that you are not equipped to handle: mental illness or substance abuse, for example. In these cases, or in any situation that you are not comfortable addressing, refer the person to HR or an employee assistance programme (EAP). This should not be your first reaction when you see tears, but you also should not take on something out of your comfort zone.
Pay attention
Do not wait for a crisis to tune into people’s emotions. Provide opportunities for employees to talk with you about what is going on in their lives. You might set aside a few minutes at the end of one-on-one meetings. Kreamer suggests asking questions like, “Are there any issues on the horizon that might affect you? Let’s put them on the table and see what we can do about them.”
This gives employees permission to open up. “Often employees are frightened to ask for help because they feel they are risking their value to the organisation,” she says. Sanchez-Burks’ research shows that being attuned to your employees not only makes you more human; it makes you a better leader, too.
Amy Gallo is a contributing editor at Harvard Business Review. Follow her on Twitter at @amyegallo.
