1461: Edward IV defeated Henry VI for the throne of England in the bloodiest battle of the York-Lancaster conflict known as the Wars of the Roses.
1632: The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed, returning Quebec to French control after the English had seized it in 1629.
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1795: Beethoven performed in person for the first time. He performed the Piano Concerto No. 2 in Vienna, Austria.
1848: Niagara Falls waterfall stopped flowing due to an ice jam.
The flow stopped for 30 to 40 hours, and it’s the only time it’s recorded to have happened.
1867: The Dominion of Canada created
On this day in 1867, with the British North America Act, the British colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Canada were united as the Dominion of Canada, and the province of Canada was separated into Quebec and Ontario.
1871: Queen Victoria opened the Royal Albert Hall in London. The hall was originally supposed to have been called The Central Hall of Arts and Sciences, but the name was changed by Queen Victoria to Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences when laying the foundation stone, as a dedication to her deceased husband and consort Prince Albert.
1940: The Bank of England introduced thin metal strips into banknotes as an anti-forgery device.
1951: The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I debuted on Broadway; a classic of the stage, it made Yul Brynner a star and was adapted into a popular film (1956).
1961: After a 4½ year trial Nelson Mandela is acquitted of treason in Pretoria
1971: Charles Manson is sentenced to death in the gas chamber
The sentence was never carried out because the California Supreme Court abolished the death penalty in 1972. The infamous criminal who ordered several murders served a life sentence and died on November 19, 2017.
1973: U.S. troops withdraw from Vietnam. Two months after the signing of the Vietnam peace agreement, the last U.S. combat troops leave South Vietnam as Hanoi frees many of the remaining American prisoners of war held in North Vietnam. America’s direct eight-year intervention in the Vietnam War was at an end.
1974: The Terracotta Army is discovered in Xi’an, China
The famous collection of some 8000 soldier sculptures, depicting Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s army, buried to guard the tomb of China’s 1st emperor, Qin Shi Huang was located by local farmers when they were digging a water well.
2002: Israeli troops stormed Yasser Arafat’s headquarters complex in the West Bank in a raid that was launched in response to anti-Israeli attacks that had killed 30 people in three days.
2004: Ireland becomes the first country to ban smoking in all workplaces
Contrary to initial concerns, the ban had no adverse economic effects, and soon several other countries passed similar legislation. According to the World Health Organization, tobacco smoke is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally.
2014: Same-sex weddings in England and Wales became legal, several months earlier than had been planned.
1912: Robert Scott makes his final diary entry
Scott wrote: “We shall stick it out to the end, but we are getting weaker, of course, and the end cannot be far.” The British explorer and his companions died on an expedition to the South Pole.
2015: A memorial to the murdered soldier Lee Rigby was opened at Middleton Memorial Gardens in Greater Manchester. The 25-year-old fusilier was killed outside Woolwich Barracks in London on 22nd May 2013 by Islamist extremists Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale.
Births on This Day, March 29
Folake Solanke, 92 years
Chief Folake Solanke, SAN, CON, is a Nigerian lawyer, administrator, and social critic. She is the first female Senior Advocate of Nigeria and the first Nigerian female lawyer to wear the silk gown as Senior Counsel.
John Major, 81 years
Sir John Major was born in Saint Helier, Morden, United Kingdom. He is a British former politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He previously held Cabinet positions under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, his last as chancellor of the Exchequer from 1989 to 1990.
Bola Tinubu, 72 years
Bola Ahmed Adekunle Tinubu GCFR is a Nigerian politician who is the 16th and current president of Nigeria. He was the governor of Lagos State from 1999 to 2007, and senator for Lagos West in the Third Republic.
Jennifer Capriati, 48 years
Jennifer Maria Capriati is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. A member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she won three singles Grand Slam titles and was the gold medalist at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Capriati set several youngest-ever records at the start of her career.
Adeoye Lambo (29 March 1923 – 13 March 2004)
Thomas Adeoye Lambo, OBE was a Nigerian scholar, administrator, and psychiatrist. He is credited as the first Western-trained psychiatrist in Africa. Between 1971 and 1988, he worked at the World Health Organization, becoming the agency’s Deputy Director General. He died at the age of 80.
Michael Brecker (29 March 1949 – 13 January 2007)
was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as a performer and composer, received an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004, and was inducted into the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007. He died at the age of 57.
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